Nishikigoi, meaning “brocaded carp,” are ornamental, domesticated color variations of the common carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) that originated in 19th-century Niigata, Japan. Often called “swimming jewels,” these koi are celebrated for their vibrant coloration, graceful movement, and remarkable longevity. Over time, they have become global symbols of love, friendship, perseverance, and success.
Developed during the mid-Edo period, Nishikigoi were selectively bred from naturally occurring color mutations. Today, there are more than 100 recognized varieties, with the most famous being the “Big Three” — Kohaku (white with red), Tancho Sanke (white with red and black), and Showa Sanke (black with red and white). In 2017, Nishikigoi were officially designated as the state fish of Niigata Prefecture, honoring their deep cultural roots.
Nishikigoi are admired for their spindle-shaped bodies, bold colors including red, white, black, blue, and yellow, and in some varieties, brilliant metallic sheen. With proper care, they can grow up to three feet in length and live for decades, with some documented cases exceeding 100 years under ideal conditions.